A new study suggests that warm and affectionate mothering during childhood can have long-term effects on personality, potentially leading to better life outcomes like success in school, work, and overall well-being.

Researchers, led by Dr. Jasmin Wertz at the University of Edinburgh, found that children who received more affection from their mothers between ages 5 and 10 were more likely to be open, conscientious, and agreeable by age 18. These traits are known to help with academic and career success, as well as health and happiness.

The study followed over 2,200 identical twins in the UK from birth to age 18. By focusing on twins, the researchers could better understand how parenting affects personality beyond just genetics. Mothers were observed and rated for warmth during conversations about their children.

While the study didn’t find a link between maternal affection and traits like extraversion or emotional stability, it did show that even small boosts in positive traits could lead to meaningful improvements across society, especially in traits like conscientiousness.

Dr. Wertz said this research supports the idea that parenting programs can help shape important aspects of personality and reduce life outcome gaps caused by factors like income or family background. She also emphasized the value of policies and programs that support parents, such as mental health care and financial aid.

This research was published in American Psychologist and highlights how early love and warmth from a parent can have lasting benefits.